Hilly regions provide high-value horticulture crops

Siliguri: Mountains play a key role in our biodiversity, water storage, and agriculture. On International Mountain Day, we celebrate the rich horticultural heritage of India’s hilly regions, including the Himalayas, Northeast, and Western Ghats. These regions are known for the bumper production of fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants, contributing to India’s economy and global food systems.

Several crops, such as apples, pears, cherries, and plums, are being grown in the hilly regions due to cool climates. Besides this, vegetables like potatoes and cabbage and medicinal plants like saffron and rosemary are also grown there. Horticulture also benefits the environment. Planting orchards and perennial crops prevents soil erosion, maintains water tables, and absorbs carbon, helping to combat climate change.

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The success of horticulture in these regions depends on several factors, including altitude, climate, soil quality, and water availability. For example, higher altitudes with cooler temperatures are ideal for apples and cardamom, while sunny south-facing slopes are better for light-loving crops. Farmers also use techniques like terrace farming to manage steep slopes and conserve soil.

However, hilly areas are not free from challenges. Uneven rainfall, floods, and soil fertility are common in these regions. In spite of these difficulties, farmers have transformed these regions into horticultural hubs. Traditional farming in combination with modern techniques is paving the way for sustainable growth. By supporting the horticulture of hilly regions, we can ensure sustainable development and a thriving future for both farmers and ecosystems.